Water Systems · Testing Prep

Facility Domestic Water Backflow Preventer Annual Testing Prep

This procedure outlines the critical pre-test preparation steps for facility domestic water backflow preventers ahead of their annual certified testing. Proper prep ensures accurate differential pressure readings, prevents equipment damage, and satisfies CSA B64 / local health authority requirements.

Estimated Time
45 min
Difficulty
Intermediate
Regulation
CSA B64 / AWWA
Version
1.0
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Purpose

To standardize the preparatory actions required before conducting an annual backflow preventer test on a facility’s domestic water system. This SOP ensures all test cocks are accessible, the device is correctly isolated and pressurized, and all safety & documentation protocols are in place. Proper prep reduces risk of inaccurate test results, water hammer damage, and regulatory non‑compliance.

Scope

This procedure applies to all facility domestic water backflow preventers (reduced pressure zone [RPZ], double check valve [DCVA], or pressure vacuum breakers [PVB]) that require annual testing per local health authority or insurance requirements. It covers the pre‑test inspection, isolation, pressure equalization, and tool preparation. The actual certified test procedure (differential pressure drop measurement) is not included; that step must be performed by a certified backflow tester using a calibrated test kit and documented on the official test report.

Safety Precautions
  • LOTOLockout/tagout the building’s main water supply to the backflow preventer. Confirm zero flow through the device before opening any test cocks.
  • PPEWear safety glasses, nitrile or leather gloves, and steel-toed boots. Use a bucket/drain hose to capture any water released during port bleeding.
  • PRESNever exceed the rated working pressure of the backflow preventer (typically 150 psi). Slowly open isolation valves to avoid water hammer. Depressurize before loosening any fittings.
  • BACTAssume potable water lines may contain bacteria (Legionella). Avoid aerosolizing water; drain into sanitary sewer. Wash hands after handling fittings.
  • ELEVIf the backflow preventer is installed in a pit or confined space, test atmosphere for oxygen deficiency and toxic gases before entry. Use a retrieval harness if required.
Required Tools & Materials
  • Calibrated backflow test kit (e.g., Watts TK‑99, Ames 3000BT or equivalent), current calibration certificate within 12 months
  • Adjustable wrenches (2×) and channel‑lock pliers
  • Pressure gauge rated to 200 psi with ¼" NPT connection
  • Bucket or drain hose (for capturing water from test cocks)
  • Teflon tape / thread sealant (for sealing test kit connections)
  • Flashlight and inspection mirror
  • Lockout / tagout kit
  • PPE: safety glasses, nitrile or leather gloves
  • Pre‑test data sheet / checklist for recording static pressures and device details

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Procedure: Step-by-Step
1 Lockout / Tagout (LOTO): Locate the building’s main water supply shut‑off valve upstream of the backflow preventer. Apply LOTO. Verify zero flow through the device by opening a downstream test cock briefly — no water should exit. Close test cock.
2 Visual Inspection: Examine the backflow preventer body, relief valve ports, test cocks, and check valve covers for signs of leakage, corrosion, cracks, or debris. Inspect the relief valve discharge tube for blockages. Document any anomalies on the pre‑test checklist.
3 Isolate the Device: Ensure both the upstream and downstream full‑port isolation valves are fully closed. Open the test cocks slowly (using a wrench) to bleed any trapped air and confirm closed state. Re‑tighten test cock caps finger‑tight.
4 Pressurize the Upstream Side: Slowly open the upstream isolation valve ¼ turn. Wait 10 seconds for water to fill the upstream chamber. Open the #1 test cock (high‑side port) to release any remaining air; close when water streams steadily. Continue opening the upstream valve fully.
5 Attach the Test Kit: Connect the calibrated test kit hoses to the appropriate test cocks per manufacturer instructions (typically #1 to high‑side, #2 to low‑side, #3 to relief valve port). Use Teflon tape on test cock threads. Hand‑tighten all connections; do not overtighten.
6 Bleed and Zero the Test Kit: Momentarily open each test cock to purge air from the hoses. Close them. Zero the differential pressure gauge on the test kit per its manual. Record the static upstream pressure (psi) on the data sheet.
7 Perform Preliminary Check Valve Test: Close the downstream isolation valve completely. Using the test kit, check that both check valves hold back pressure without leaking down more than 5 psi over 2 minutes. If a check valve fails this initial check, tag the device for maintenance before proceeding with the full test.
8 Complete Pre‑Test Documentation: Record the device serial number, make/model, date, static pressure reading, and any visual findings on the official pre‑test checklist. Sign and date the form. The device is now ready for the certified annual backflow test (perform per AWWA M14 / local protocol).

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